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A Comparison of Phosphorus Speciation and Potential Bioavailability in Feed and Feces of Different Dairy Herds Using 31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- Abstract::
- An experiment was conducted to examine how potential phosphorus (P) bioavailability (inferred from speciation) differs in feed and feces collected in spring from four dairy herds representing different management systems: (i) total confinement with cows fed total mixed ration (TMR), (ii) total confinement with TMR plus P mineral supplement, (iii) a hybrid of confinement with TMR and pastoral grazing, and (iv) predominantly grazing with supplemental grains. A treatment was included that air dried feces to simulate conditions after dung deposition. Wet chemical techniques and solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-NMR) were used to identify P concentrations and compounds present in water (a surrogate for P in overland flow), dilute acid (0.012 M HCl, an estimate of P utilization by cattle), or NaOH-EDTA (a solution that maximizes the organic P extraction) extracts of feed and feces. In general, P concentration in feces paralleled P in feed. Air drying feces decreased water-extractable P by 13 to 61% largely due to a decrease in orthophosphate, whereas NaOH-EDTA-extractable P increased by 18 to 48%. Analysis of dilute HCl was unsuccessful due to orthophosphate precipitation when pH was adjusted to 12 for 31P-NMR. In water extracts, more P was in bioavailable diester-P forms, undetectable by colorimetry, than in NaOH-EDTA extracts. In feed, orthophosphate dominated (46-70%), but myo-IHP varied with feed (<10% in forage samples but 43% in a TMR sample). The proportion of myo-IHP decreased in feces compared with feed via mineralization but decreased less in systems with a greater proportion of available P input (e.g., orthophosphate and phospholipids). Feed and drying effect the concentrations and forms of P in feces and their potential impact on soil and water quality. Although bioavailable P in feces from pasture-based and confined systems can be similar in spring, dung-P is distributed on a lower kg P ha-1 rate in grazing systems. The best method to mitigate P loss from feces is to decrease P in feed.
- Author(s):
-
McDowell, R.W. , Dou, Z. , Toth, J.D. , Cade-Menun, B.J. , Kleinman, P.J.A. , Soder, K. , Saporito, L.
- Subject(s):
-
phosphorus , chemical speciation , bioavailability , feeds , feed supplements , dairy cows , feces , dairy manure , nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy , pastures , grazing , chemical analysis , feed grains , forage , pollution control
- Description:
- Includes references
- Source:
- Journal of environmental quality 2008 May-June, v. 37, no. 3
- Language:
- English
- Year:
- 2008
- Collection:
-
Journal Articles, USDA Authors, Peer-Reviewed
- File:
-
Download [PDF]
- Rights:
- Works produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted.
